<p>The Point  Isabel Lighthouse is a historic lighthouse located in Port Isabel, Texas, United States that was built in 1852 to guide ships through the Brazos Santiago Pass to Port Isabel. The lighthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 30, 1976.</p><br>
<p>On September 28, 1850, the United States Congress authorized an appropriation of $15,000 for "a lighthouse and beacon light" at Brazos Santiago Pass. Work began in February 1852. When complete, the lighthouse was an 82-foot-high brick tower and had four lights. By 1854, it had 15 lamps and 21 reflectors. A third order fresnel lens was installed in 1857 and the fixed light was varied by flashes.</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War the Point (Port) Isabel Lighthouse was occupied by soldiers from both sides as a look-out post. After the Civil War, the lighthouse was refitted and returned to operation in 1866. In 1888, the light was temporarily discontinued as claimants proved that the United States government did not have title to the land, forcing the government to condemn the land in 1894 to acquire title. On July 15, 1895, the light returned to use. It operated for ten years, after which time it was extinguished in 1905. On Sept. 20, 1927, the government sold the lighthouse and land. A local citizen purchased it. In the late 1940s, a movement began to save the lighthouse as a historic site. On October 5, 1950, the Texas State Park Board accepted the lighthouse and surrounding land as a gift from Mr. and Mrs. Lon C. Hill, Jr., the owners at the time.</p><br>
<p>The Texas State Park Board began restoring the lighthouse in 1951, and it was opened to the public in 1952.</p><br>
<p>Today the lighthouse is operated as Port Isabel Lighthouse State Historic Site. In September 1996, a new visitors center was completed.</p><br>
<p>The site is owned by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department but operated by the City of Port Isabel.</p><br>
<p>The Aldo Leopold Shack and Farm is a historic farm on Levee Road in rural Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. The property was acquired in the 1930s as a family summer retreat by the noted conservationist and writer Aldo Leopold and is the landscape that inspired his conservation ethic and the writing of his best-known work, A Sand County Almanac. The property is now owned and managed by the Aldo Leopold Foundation, which provides tours and other educational programs on the property and the adjacent visitors center. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Aldo Leopold Farm is a property of about 264 acre located on the south bank of the Wisconsin River northeast of Baraboo, Wisconsin. The property is roughly rectangular in shape, extending south from the river, and roughly bisected by Levee Road. A visitors&#39; center maintained by the Aldo Leopold Foundation is located about 0.5 mi east of the property at the junction of Levee and Schemp Roads. The soil in the region is sandy, the result of deposition during the Cambrian Period that was reworked by the Wisconsin glaciation. The former farm is biologically diverse, with floodplain forest and marshland and former fields that have been restored to native prairie. The principal built feature of the farm is the former chicken coop, set midway between Levee Road and the river, where Leopold spent his time; there is also a small outhouse nearby.</p><br>
<p>Leopold began buying land here in 1935, acquiring more than 150 acre by the time of his death in 1948. The family continued to acquire land until 1970, including a small island in the river. The family then donated the property to the Aldo Leopold Foundation, which now manages it. Leopold&#39;s writings on conservation and the environment were significantly influenced by this landscape. A Sand County Almanac, a compilation of his writings, is widely regarded as one of the most influential works on conservationism of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Meretoto / Ship Cove is a small bay in the Queen Charlotte Sound — part of the Marlborough Sounds — in New Zealand. It is on the west coast of the Sound, just west of Motuara Island and Long Island.</p><br>
<p>The name Ship Cove was given by Captain James Cook on 15 January 1770 when his ship the Endeavour anchored there to replenish supplies of food, water and wood. While his ship was overhauled at anchor, Cook made a headquarters on the shore in the Cove, ordering the planting of vegetable gardens and construction of an enclosure for pigs. Cook would return to the Cove a further four times over the course of his first and second voyages to the Pacific.</p><br>
<p>Cook&#39;s settlement was abandoned following his second voyage. Colonel William Wakefield, one of the founders of Wellington, also anchored his ship the Tory in the Cove in 1839.</p><br>
<p>Approximately 1,700 acre of land at Ship Cove has been declared a Scenic Reserve administered by the Ship Cove Scenic Reserves Board.</p><br>
<p>In 1948, the official name of the bay was gazetted as Meretoto, and in August 2014 was altered to Meretoto / Ship Cove.</p><br>
<p>Tasersuatsiaq  is a lake in central-western Greenland, in the Qeqqata municipality. It is located southeast of Kangerlussuaq, with a depth of 80 m, covering an area of 750ha. During the operating years of the American base at Bluie West Eight at Kangerlussuaq the lake was referred to as Lake Ferguson. The lake and the Roklubben Restaurant at its western shore are connected to Kangerlussuaq by a gravel road, one of the very few in Greenland. Tasersuatsiaq is a source of fresh water for Kangerlussuaq.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The 2x6km lake is separated from the valleys of Qinnguata Kuussua and Akuliarusiarsuup Kuua, as well as the Kangerlussuaq settlement in the north by a low tundra ridge of Qaarsorsuaq. To the west lies the far end of the Kangerlussuaq Fjord. On the southern and eastern side it is bounded by a vast highland of Ammalortup Nunaa, the original region artificially populated with 27 muskoxen.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The bottom of the lake is covered with pondweed meadows. Muskoxen and reindeer are common in the area.</p><br>
<p>Kadmat Island , also known as Cardamom Island, is a coral island belonging to the Amindivi subgroup of islands of the Lakshadweep archipelago in India. Measuring 9.3 km in length, the island has a lagoon with a width of 1.5 km covering an area of 25 km&sup2;. The ecological feature of the island is of coral reef with seagrass, and marine turtles which nestle here. The Ministry of Environment and Forests  has notified the island as a marine protected area for ensuring conservation of the island&#39;s animal, plant, or other type of organism, and other resources.</p><br>
<p>The only inhabited village on the island is Kadmat, which had a population of 5,389 according to 2011 census. Fisheries is the main economic activity on the island with agriculture limited to 5% of the land area. Tourism is allowed even for non-Indians and the attractions are kayaking, snorkeling and leisure trips by a glass-bottomed boat for scuba diving.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and climate</h2><br>
<p>Kadmat Island, which belongs to the township of Kadmat Island of Aminidivi Tehsil. is the central most island of the Lakshadweep archipelago. It is in the shape of a tear drop, with 3.5 km&sup2; area and is located on a coral reef. With a length of 9.3 km from north to south and a maximum width of 0.57 km and it is the longest island in the Amindivi group.</p><br>
<p>Its southern end is the narrowest with a width of about 10 m. The island&#39;s topography is about 2.0 to 3 m on the eastern side and 2.0 to 4 m on the western part above the mean sea level. Its surface formation consists of coral conglomerate overlying broken pieces of coral and coral sand.</p><br>
<p>The lagoon on the western side of the island extends over a maximum width of 2 km covering an area of 37 km&sup2; The beach on the eastern side of the island has a width of 100 m. At the breaking zone of this beach there is a 100 m wide coral algae ridge.</p><br>
<p>Kadmat Island is bounded by Kavaratti Island to its northwest at a distance of 67 km. It is 32 km away from Kiltan Island. Amini Island, which marks the northwestern part of the Pitti Bank formation, is 5 km to the southwest.</p><br>
<p>There is an airport on nearby Agatti Island, in which flights operate from Cochin. From Agatti, it is a two and half hours boat ride to Kadmat. Ferry services also operate from Cochin on the coast of Kerala but involves a journey of 16 hours.</p><br>
<h2>Climate and the environment</h2><br>
<p>The island experiences an average annual temperature in the range of 24.2 -. Rainfall occurs during the monsoon season from May to September with an average annual rainfall incidence of 1,237 mm as per records of the nearby island of Amini. The maximum rainfall recorded in a day is 241.8 mm. Humidity averages at 72.5%.</p><br>
<p>Ecologically, the island is composed of coral reef with seagrass, and marine turtles which nestle here. Keeping this aspect in view, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (India) has notified the island as a marine protected area to enable conservation of the island&#39;s animal, plant, or other type of organism, and other resources. The coral reefs are damaged to the extent of 10% (assessed by IUCN in 1976) due to anthropocentric pressure and also due to climate change. Dredging operation at the entry to the island is causing damage to coral species as the dredged material is dumped into the lagoon. Coral blocks found in the beaches and the coral flats are extracted for building activity on the island. This could cause serious geo-morphological changes of the island in the form of sea erosion of the shores and the beach. Coral bleaching, a natural phenomenon attributed to strong El Niños, which occurred during 1998 due to seawater warming, is reported to have reduced the number of coral species from 45 to 9.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>The island is inhabited mainly by individuals of the Melacceri caste.</p><br>
<p>Kadmat village is the only inhabited village on the island. According to the 2011 census the island had a population of 5,389 consisting of 2,676 males and 2,713 females. Population density is 1,727 per km. Decennial Growth Rate recorded for the period 2001–2011 was 1.03 percent. Malayalam is the dominant language of the people of the island and the literacy rate is as high as 90.4%.</p><br>
<p>The island has a network of roads, several ponds and wells, primary and higher secondary schools, electricity, telephone, health centres and so forth.</p><br>
<p>In 1960, a hoard of coins were unearthed and examined, revealing that the island has been inhabited since at least 200 AD. Kadmat island is known to have traded with the Romans, as in 1948 a girl found a Roman coin in a quarry on the island.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>Fishing is the principal activity of the people of the island. Fishing is done both off shore in the sea and during the monsoon season in the lagoon and reef area. Trawl nets and pole line are used for oceanic tuna fishing. Wooden boats are used for local fishing in the lagoon. Fish species reported include carangids, cephalopods, perches, rainbow sardine, rays, sail fishes, sharks, skipjack tuna, and tuna.</p><br>
<p>Agriculture is practised, with about 5% of the land area brought under cultivation. Coconut plantations are common along with associated coir twinning. Crops grown include red grass, groundnut, maize, sweet potato, grains, cereals, millets, papaya, and banana.</p><br>
<p>Tourism has taken off on the island, though it only one beach resort for 50 guests. There are kayaking and snorkeling facilities, and leisure trips by a glass-bottomed boat for scuba diving. In 1998 the first Water Sports Institute was established on Kadmat, along with the Laccadives Diving Centre.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The island has three types of habitats: coral reef, seagrass and nesting ground for marine turtles. Zoning of the coral reef is mapped under three zones of reef flat, reef slope and lagoon. Next to the shore line are the fringing reefs where fish species of fin and shell fishes spawn, and are found in abundance. As of 1986, there were 45 coral species in the reef. These are threatened due to human interference and natural causes. Live coral is reported in less than 1% area. There are 9 species of live corals in the lagoon and reef slope area. The species of live corals reported are: Acropora formosa (staghorn coral), Acropora robusta, Acropora, Acropora subglabra, Acropora tortuosa, Acropora vaughani, Favites, Pocillopora verrucosa and Lobophytum Benthic organisms are reported on the reef slope and lagoon area. Macrobenthos are found in the inter-tidal and sub-tidal area. 23 species of polychaetes, 3 species of bivalves, 3 species of crustaceans, and 3 species of gastropods have been recorded.</p><br>
<p>The seagrass beds, which forms an area of around 13.8 km&sup2; across the island, provide crucial food for turtles and dugongs, with four species of marine turtles reported: Chelonia mydas (green sea turtle), Dermochelys coriacea (leatherback sea turtle), and Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill sea turtle) and Lepidochelys olivacea (Olive Ridley sea turtle). There are 7 species of seagrass reported here, out of 14 found in the Lakshadweep Islands, including the Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea rotundata. Seaweeds recorded consist of 34 species, out of which 14 species are of Rhodophyceae, 13 (red algae) are Chlorophyceae (green algae) and 7 species are Phaeophyceae (brown algae). 20 species of Phytoplankton and 19 groups of Zooplankton have been recorded in the reef slope and lagoon area; 33 species of benthic organisms have also been noted in the same vicinity.</p><br>
<p>Old Salem Church and Cemetery is a historic Lutheran Church and adjacent cemetery located at Catonsville, Baltimore County, Maryland. The main part of the 1849 Gothic Revival church building is a three bay, irregular stone structure approximately 28 feet wide and 42 feet long. It features a gable roof, a short boxy steeple, an entrance porch at the front and an apse at the rear. The interior features a gallery and organ loft has the original tracker organ, which is still hand pumped by a wooden lever on the north side of the case. From early on, the ground to the south of the church was laid out as a cemetery. The church was founded by German Lutheran immigrants.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns Church is a historic A.U.M.P. Church located in Ruxton, Baltimore County, Maryland. It was built in 1886 as a successor to the original log cabin church built on the site in 1833, and is a frame Carpenter Gothic-style gable-roofed structure with board-and-batten siding, stylized lancet windows and decorative detailing. Also on the property is a -story stuccoed stone house, believed to date from about 1835, which was used as a parsonage and has suffered significant fire damage, and a simple frame rectangular social hall built about 1890. The African American congregation that constructed this church was formed in the 1830s and they acquired this site in 1833. According to its National Register listing, "St. Johns Church is particularly important as an exceptional example of African American church building in the late 19th century."</p><br>
<p>There is an extensive burial ground behind the church.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 15, 1982, reference number 82002807.</p><br>
<p>Mount Goddard is a mountain of California&#39;s Sierra Nevada, in the north section of Kings Canyon National Park. Goddard forms the southwest boundary of the Evolution Basin.</p><br>
<p>The peak is named for civil engineer George Henry Goddard, who surveyed the Sierra Nevada during the 1850s. The name was given by William Brewer&#39;s California Geological Survey party in 1864, during which year they made two unsuccessful attempts to climb the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Fifteen years later, Lilbourne Winchell and Louis Davis completed the first recorded ascent on September 23, 1879. They scrambled up class 2 rock from the east side of Martha Lake to Goddard Col, and a lake and chute beyond. From here they attained the summit by way of the Southwest Ridge, and a short class 3 ridge between the two summits of Mount Goddard.</p><br>
<p>Elk Landing is the name of a historic home located at Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland. The house at Elk Landing was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It is a two story, fieldstone dwelling, three bays wide by two bays deep, with a gable roof dating to about 1780. Its interior features a corner fireplace in its northeast corner as well as a full basement. Interior doors and chair rail moldings in most of the rooms may also be original to the house.</p><br>
<p>The property on which the house is located was part of an early settlement of Swedish and Finnish immigrants. Elk Landing was the home, trading post and base of operations of the Swedish-American trader, John Hansson Steelman (1655–1749) who occupied the site from 1693. Steelman traded with the Indians of South Central Pennsylvania and Northern Maryland exchanging small items of housewares for animal pelts. Steelman&#39;s establishment was a trading post until about 1739 when the Shawnee moved westward into the Ohio and Allegheny River Valleys. Archeological excavations have discovered the remains of the original long house of John Hanson Steelman. The site is north of and adjacent to the stone house.</p><br>
<p>The site of Elk Landing is significant for its association with trade between the Scandinavian settlers and the Susquehannock, as well as with the history of early Swedish settlement in Maryland. Elk Landing was also the site of the arrival of the Lutheran priests, Andreas Rudman and Erik Bjork, who landed on June 24, 1697 to renew the work of the Church of Sweden started in the former New Sweden colony.</p><br>
<p>Sage Memorial Hospital School of Nursing in Ganado, Arizona was designated a USA National Historic Landmark on January 16, 2008.</p><br>
<p>The press release read:</p><br>
<p>Sage Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, Ganado Mission, AZ, the first accredited nursing program for Native American women in the United States, Sage Memorial Hospital School of Nursing provided Native American women with a professional nursing education. The school was a landmark institution in changing white attitudes toward the abilities of Native American people. The school attracted both Native American women as well as women from other minority groups. Eventually students representing over 50 different Native American tribes, as well as women of Mexican, Spanish, Inuit, Japanese, Filipino, and Chinese descent enrolled in the training program. The school’s diverse population clearly illustrates that access to an accredited nursing education was not, at that time, generally available within the United States to non-white students.</p><br>
<p>The education provided at Sage Memorial Hospital School of Nursing was of such a high quality that many white parents agitated to have their daughters admitted to the school. However, the director of Sage Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, Dr. Clarence G. Salsbury, made a calculated decision to maintain a nursing training program solely for minority students. This decision, made at a time when public education was actively segregated and minority children were refused entry to white schools, provides a unique and different insight into the doctrine of separate but equal educational opportunities.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Ganado Mission: Hospital, Nursing School, School and Church</h3><br>
<p>Presbyterian missionaries began work at Ganado in 1901. Local trader Don Lorenzo Hubbell helped them obtain land and gave them the use of a small house near his store. The first pastor was Charles Bierkemper. Mrs. Bierkemper started a school in the living room of that home while her husband was overseeing the building of a church and a manse. In 1910, Dr. James D. Kennedy arrived to serve the small community, visiting patients on foot and by buggy. The three-fold thrust of the Presbyterian Mission was in place.</p><br>
<p>By the mid 1920s the school, now housed in part of the church, had grown by several grades. Medical work was carried on from a small twelve-bed hospital. In 1927, Dr. Clarence G. Salsbury arrived. He supervised the building of a new 75-bed hospital which opened its doors in 1930 under the name of Sage Memorial Hospital, a tribute to the major donors for the project, the Russell Sage Foundation.</p><br>
<p>By 1930 the school had become a complete elementary-high institution, graduating its first three seniors. In the same year, Salsbury started a school for Native nurses. Only women from minority groups were accepted. In 1933 the first two nursing students completed their studies, passed the state boards, and became RN’s.</p><br>
<p>During World War II years, many of the graduates of Sage Memorial School of Nursing served with honor in the military. Ganado High School graduates also served, as well as a number of students who had not finished and who later came back to complete their schooling. Several Code Talkers were among them.</p><br>
<p>After the war, minority youth, especially those who had served, found easier acceptance into higher education everywhere. In order to broaden their experience, Sage Memorial was sending students to other hospitals for certain specialized training. After graduating the class of 1951, Sage Memorial Hospital School of Nursing closed. The staff helped the remaining undergraduates transfer to good schools, and nursing continued to be a career chosen by many Native Americans.</p><br>
<p>Small public schools under state supervision had been growing across the Reservation, at first serving English only students, both Anglo and Navajo. In addition, Navajo parents could now keep their children at home and send them to school on a bus. Government day schools were closing. By the mid 1960s Ganado Public School was an elementary-high system, a competitor for the Mission school. In 1970 Ganado Mission High School graduated its last class, and the College of Ganado came into existence.</p><br>
<p>Many of the leaders for the Navajo Tribe in early years and after World War II came from church sponsored schools: the Presbyterians at Ganado, the Methodists in Farmington, the Catholics at St. Michaels, and the Christian Reformed at Rehoboth near Gallup. The last two still exist. However, young people who attended the much-maligned BIA schools did also become important members of the tribe, working for their people.</p><br>
<p>Also under the pressure of changing times, in 1969, Sage Memorial Hospital was turned over to Project Hope. Hope had been successful around the globe in getting third-world medical systems in order. They projected that in five years they could prepare Sage Memorial Hospital to be locally run, and by 1974 Sage Memorial was under the control of a local board, the Navajo Nation Health Foundation, though this name was somewhat misleading because it was not under tribal control. This time, Hope did not succeed; despite considerable help from the Indian Health Service, in 1986 the hospital was turned over to a for-profit company.</p><br>
<p>The college was not a success and lasted only until 1986. Many of the campus buildings remain, most under the control of Sage Memorial, three under control of the local Presbyterian Church, which continues to be active, but with a smaller congregation. The Public School has become a large institution and the main provider of jobs in a still small community.</p><br>
<p>The Alumni Association of Ganado Mission High School has survived and continued to meet every two years. It now includes nursing school alums, retired staff from all campus areas, neighbors from government and public schools, traders, spouses, children of all these people – anyone who spent some formative years, maybe just one or two, at Ganado and wants to cement old friendships. It is now called the Ganado Mission Association. The campus is in poor shape, a sad sight for those who remember happy days in a green oasis.</p><br>
<p>In 2009 Sage Memorial Hospital School of Nursing was declared a National Historic Landmark. A granite monument on the campus pays tribute to the minority women who trained there. All of their names appear under the year of their graduation. The National Park Service, through its staff at Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site, watches over it.</p><br>
<p>Greenfields is a historic home located at Cecilton, Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It is a -story, Georgian-style brick dwelling with a hip roof, built about 1770. The home features a central door with engaged Doric columns and a fanlight in a one-bay pedimented pavilion. It was home to Governor Thomas Ward Veazey  and John Ward, Colonel of the Provincial Militia of Cecil County .</p><br>
<p>This fine Georgian manor house was probably built earlier than 1770, more likely 1740 to 1760. It was built on land patented to John Ward in 1674. The Ward family occupied it for at least 100 years. It was one of the fox hunting centers of Cecil County Maryland, that sport being one of the early settlers&#39; favorites. The mansion is noted for its architectural purity and for its paneling and fine woodwork. Especially noteworthy are the Wall of Troy and the Rose of Sharon molding. The original brick dependencies were still standing in 1967. Other noteworthy features are the large reception hall with its graceful, easy-tread stairway; the big fireplaces in both wings, as well as smaller ones in each of the rooms the fanlights over the double door entrances to each of the wings; the family graveyard; the old boxwood and the large maple tree, one of the largest in the state of Maryland. Greenfields is privately owned.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Holly Hall is a historic home located at Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland. Built by James Sewall ca. 1810-20, it is a -story, Federal-style brick mansion built about 1810. The one-story brick north wing was added as a chapel in the 20th century. Also on the property is a late-19th-century two-story wood tenant house and two concrete block buildings. A few holly trees remain of the many which gave this house its name. Its parapets are unique in Maryland.</p><br>
<h2>Holly Hall Oak</h2><br>
<p>The Holly Hall Oak was a noted white oak on the grounds of Holly Hall, that was reputed to be more than 400 years old. It collapsed of old age and sheer size on 26 April 2009. The tree was threatened by the construction of a shopping center in the 1970s, but was saved by popular outcry. It had a circumference of 21.92 ft, height of 58 ft and a spread of 78 ft when it was last measured in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Holly Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Mount Harmon is an historic home, located at Earleville, Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, and is currently open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Style</h2><br>
<p>Mount Harmon is an 18th-century brick mansion built by Sidney George around 1788. It features a central door with a scrolled pediment and pineapple keystone supported by Ionic pilasters. In the late 1920s a frame wing was built on the south gable.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Mount Harmon Plantation estate and nature preserve covers some 200 acre adjacent to the Chesapeake Bay, on a peninsula by the north shore of the Sassafras River. The plantation was created in 1651 as a land grant from Lord Baltimore to Godfrey Harmon.</p><br>
<p>From 1760 to 1810 Mount Harmon flourished as a tobacco plantation owned by the Louttit and George families. Mount Harmon eventually fell out of family hands and into disrepair.</p><br>
<p>In 1963, Marguerite duPont de Villiers Boden, a direct descendant of the Louttits and Georges, rescued the plantation, restoring the Colonial Kitchen and Manor House. Mrs. Boden filled the house with 18th-century antiques, and restored the Tobacco Prize House as a reminder of the plantation’s days as a tobacco shipping center for the Sassafras River area. After Mrs. Boden’s death, her daughter Kip Kelso Boden Crist ensured the plantation’s future by forming Friends of Mount Harmon, Inc.</p><br>
<h2>Friends of Mount Harmon</h2><br>
<p>Today, the Friends of Mount Harmon (FOMH), almost all volunteers, preserve and interpret the plantation for the education and enjoyment of its visitors. FOMH conducts house and kitchen tours, hosts Colonial picnics, Yuletide tours, and special events, as well as operating educational programs for schools and maintain nature trails that wind around the property.</p><br>
<p>Mount Harmon gives water access to canoes, kayaks, and boats. The formal boxwood garden is used for weddings, and the spacious Manor House grounds are open for festive events and corporate meetings.</p><br>
<p>Rose Hill, also known as Chance and Wheeler Point, is a historic home located at Earleville, Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It is the product of four major building periods: a gambrel-roofed frame structure built at the end of the 18th or beginning of the 19th century; a -story brick "town house" constructed on the east in 1837; and a small frame kitchen and a one-story wing built in the 1960s. Also on the property are a smokehouse, ice house, and shed. The garden includes two of the largest yew trees living in the United States. It was the home of General Thomas Marsh Forman , who served as a young man in the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<p>Rose Hill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Rose Hill CecilCo MD.JPGEntrance in 2013</p><br>
<p>Woodlands is a historic home located at Perryville, Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It appears to have been constructed in two principal periods: the original -story section built between 1810 and 1820 of stuccoed stone and a -story rear kitchen wing; and two bays of stuccoed brick, with double parlors on the first story, and a one-story, glazed conservatory constructed between 1840 and 1850. The home features Greek Revival details. Also on the property are a 2-story stone smokehouse and tenant house, a small frame barn and corn house, a square frame privy with pyramidal roof, a carriage house, frame garage, and a large frame bank barn.</p><br>
<p>Woodlands was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Significance: Woodlands is the estate and ancestral home of the Coudon family. The main dwelling house and adjoining outbuildings are situated on a hill overlooking the headwaters of the Chesapeake Bay. The house has lovely grounds, with landscaped gardens, boxwoods, and several old trees of merit. The mansion is one of the most important 19th century buildings in Cecil County. The house has endured moderate alterations, but still portrays pre-Civil War times more like the antebellum South than a border state. The Greek Revival period of the house is without equal in Cecil County. Another important feature of the property is the large number of original outbuildings still intact and continuing to perform as part of a working farm. The Coudon family has been an important family in Cecil County, particularly in the field of religion. The Reverend Joseph Coudon, father of the first Coudon to own Woodlands, served as rector to St. Mary Annes Church in nearby North East, Maryland, from 1787 to 1792. The family has continued to worship at and support this church through the years. Joseph Coudon, Jr.s son married the daughter of George P. Whitaker, owner of Principio Furnace, which created early ties between the two historic properties. Due to the long occupancy of Woodlands, a large amount of furniture and artwork have accumulated within the house.</p><br>
<p>Ludlow Tent Colony Site is an area in Ludlow, Colorado associated with the Ludlow Massacre that was designated a USA National Historic Landmark on January 16, 2009. It is an archeological site.</p><br>
<p>The press release reads:</p><br>
<p>Ludlow Tent Colony, Ludlow, CO, is nationally significant in the history of industry for its association with the Ludlow Massacre, a pivotal event in American history that culminated in the destruction of the tent colony and the deaths of two women and eleven children on April 20, 1914. The tent colony originated when coal miners and their families were evicted from company housing during a strike that began in September 1913. The colony, or camp, was established by the United Mine Workers of America on vacant land near the mines and the small community of Ludlow. On April 24, a truce was declared and representatives of the miners and the mine owners med to discuss a “peace with justice.” In 1916, the United Mine Workers of America purchased the 40-acre site of the Ludlow Massacre, and two years later, a monument commemorating the massacre was built. Since then, union rallies and commemorations have become regular events at the site. The Ludlow Tent Colony Site is the first such strike camp to be archeologically investigated. This site is a prime example of what archeologists consider to be the perfect source of physical data because it is a short-term occupation that was destroyed by fire. Archeological investigation of the site to date is providing the means to gain a richer, more detailed, and more systematic understanding of the everyday reality of mining families of the period and throughout the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Ludlow massacre event</h2><br>
<p>The Ludlow massacre was an incident in which 20 people died during an attack by the Colorado National Guard on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families on 20 April 1914. These deaths occurred after a day-long fight between strikers and the Guard. Two women and eleven children were among the dead.</p><br>
<h2>Ludlow Monument</h2><br>
<p>The Ludlow Monument is a monument on a 1.5 acre portion of the Ludlow Tent Colony Site.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation history</h2><br>
<p>The site has been examined using historical archaeology techniques. Colorado Senator Ken Salazar campaigned for National Historic Landmark status for the site, pledging in a press release that he would introduce senate legislation for the site to be named a National Historic Landmark. In 1960 the very first NHLs were designated by congress, but in the 1960s the process was routinized to be handled by the Department of the Interior. NHLs are declared by the USA Secretary of the Interior.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2009.</p><br>
<p>East Wallabi Island is an island in the Wallabi Group of the Houtman Abrolhos, located in the Indian Ocean off the west coast of mainland Australia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>East Wallabi Island played an important role in the story of the Batavia shipwreck and massacre. Following the shipwreck, a group of soldiers under the command of Wiebbe Hayes were put ashore on West Wallabi Island to search for water. The mutineers who took control of the ship left them there in the hope that they would starve or die of thirst. However, the soldiers discovered that they were able to wade to East Wallabi Island, where they eventually discovered a fresh water spring. Furthermore, West and East Wallabi Island are the only islands in the group upon which the tammar wallabi lives. Thus the soldiers had access to sources of both food and water that were unavailable to the mutineers.</p><br>
<p>In the context of the Batavia mutiny and massacre, East Wallabi Island is often referred to as "High island". This was the name given it in contemporary sources, and was used by historians for as long as it remained a lost toponym.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Nominally located at 28&deg;26&prime;23&Prime;S latitude, 113&deg;43&prime;33&Prime;E longitude, giving it an area of about 321 hectares.</p><br>
<p>There are two named hills on the island. Flag Hill is located in the north-east of the island, at the foot of Fish Point; at 15 m, it is the highest point in the Houtman Abrolhos. In the south-east is another hill, named Eagle Hill. Other named localities include Fish Point and, on the point&#39;s western side, Turtle Bay. Immediately to the west of Flag Hill is an airstrip.</p><br>
<p>The island is surrounded by submerged coral reef. This is narrow along the west, north and east shores, giving way to open ocean to the west and north. Beyond the reef on the east side of the island lies Pigeon Island Anchorage, the main passage and anchorage for Pigeon Island, a small island 1 km to the south that is used as a seasonal camp for the Western Rock Lobster fishery. To the south, the reef is extensive, and much of it is high enough that a person may wade from island to island; islands connected to East Wallabi Island in this way include Barge Rock, Turnstone Island, Seagull Island, Oystercatcher Island and West Wallabi Island.</p><br>
<h3>Geology and physiography</h3><br>
<p>The basement of East Wallabi Island is the Wallabi Limestone, a dense calcretised, coral limestone platform that underlies the entire Wallabi Group. This platform, which arises abruptly from a flat shelf, is about 40 metres thick, and is of Quaternary origin. Reef that formed during the Eemian interglacial (about 125,000 years ago), when sea levels were higher than at present, are now emergent in places, and constitute the basement of the group&#39;s central platform islands, which include East Wallabi Island.</p><br>
<p>The basement is capped by aeolianite. This ranges from one to three metres thick, and forms an almost continuous pavement on the western half of the island. The aeolianite is in turn overlain by a sand dunes. These are discontinuous in western and northern parts of the island, but in the south-west and east they are extensive and consolidated.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>As one of the few islands in the Houtman Abrolhos large enough to support dune systems, East Wallabi Island supports a relatively high diversity of plant life. Both the dunes and the pavement limestone support species-rich vegetation complexes dominated by chenopod shrubs, and these communities have been identified has having species conservation importance, because they are so diverse, yet so easily disturbed and so slow to recover.</p><br>
<p>According to a survey published in 2001, 124 plant species occur on East Wallabi Island, the most of any island in the archipelago:</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The island is part of the Houtman Abrolhos Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance for supporting large numbers of breeding seabirds.</p><br>
<p>The Colora Meetinghouse is a historic Friends  meeting house located at Colora, Cecil County, Maryland, United States.</p><br>
<p>The meeting house was built in 1841 as part of a larger dispute known as the "great separation." The original members of the Colora Meeting, then called the Nottingham Preparative Meeting, sided with the orthodox Friends splitting off from the Hicksite West Nottingham Friends Meeting. The new meeting was first part of Baltimore Yearly Meeting. In 1854 it formed the Primitive Yearly Meeting with several nearby meetings and in 1890 became part of the Western Quarterly Meeting.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>It is six bays wide and one room deep, and measures 36 feet by 22 feet, in the traditional plan with separate entrances for the men and women and a sliding divider to separate the interior into two areas for business meetings. Its walls are constructed of 18 in stuccoed fieldstone, with a wooden box cornice. The building features two interior end chimneys protruding through a slate roof. The property includes a small cemetery and a two-story building built in 1869, and used as a Friends schoolhouse until 1890 when public schools were built.</p><br>
<p>The Colora Meetinghouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>East Nottingham Meetinghouse, or Brick Meetinghouse, is a historic Friends meeting house located at Rising Sun, Cecil County, Maryland. It consists of three different sections: the Flemish bond brick section is the oldest, having been built in 1724, 30 ft by 40 ft; the stone addition containing two one-story meeting rooms on the ground floor, each with a corner fireplace at the south corners of the building, and a large youth gallery on the second floor; and in the mid 19th century, a one-story gable roofed structure was added at the southwest corner of the stone section to serve as a womens cloakroom and privy. It is of significance because of its association with William Penn who granted the site "for a Meeting House and Burial Yard, Forever" near the center of the 18,000 acre Nottingham Lots settlement and was at one time the largest Friends meeting house south of Philadelphia. The Philadelphia Half-Yearly Meeting was held here as early as 1725. During the Revolutionary War, an American Army hospital was established here in 1778 for sick and wounded troops under General William Smallwoods command and the Marquis de Lafayette&#39;s troops camped in the Meeting House woods on the first night of their march from the Head of Elk to victory at the Battle of Yorktown in 1781.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>St. Francis Xavier Church, or Old Bohemia, is a historic Roman Catholic church located at Warwick, Cecil County, Maryland, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Beginning in 1704 the Society of Jesus bought a farm and initiated missionary activities on the site, thereby establishing a second mission in Maryland half a century after the foundation of the Newtown Manor mission in St. Mary&#39;s County, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>A school here taught many distinguished early American Catholic leaders, including future archbishop John Carroll and his cousin, founding father Charles Carroll. Priests assigned to this mission evangelized in the Delmarva Peninsula, including the modern Archdiocese of Philadelphia and Diocese of Wilmington. Perhaps the most famous grave in the graveyard is of Catherine ("Kitty") Knight (1775-1855), credited for saving an elderly neighbor, a church and much of Georgetown, Maryland during the War of 1812, although her own house burned to the ground.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The most historic properties on the site are a brick church, constructed shortly after the American Revolutionary War and dedicated in 1797, and an early-19th-century brick rectory connected by a one-story hyphen. The church consists of a four-bay-deep by three-bay-wide brick structure, with a 3-story brick tower added on the southwest facade of the church subsequent to its original building in 1792. The rectory is a five-bay-long, -story brick building with a two-bay-long hyphen on one end and a two-bay-long kitchen on the other. Also on the property is a public graveyard, as well as a relatively modern barn and farmhouse. A fire gutted the churchs interior in 1912, but the church was rebuilt within the old walls. Regular services discontinued in the 1920s, but resumed in modern times. The Old Bohemia Historical Society, begun by a Catholic, a Quaker and a Methodist in 1954, bought the propertys core 120 acres and now maintains the site.</p><br>
<p>The St. Francis Xavier Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>St. Stephen&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church located in Earleville, Cecil County, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>North Sassafras Parish, as it was originally known, was one of the original 30 Anglican parishes in the Province of Maryland, named for its location north of the Sassafras River which separated Cecil County from Kent County, Maryland. On June 22, 1834, this parish hosted the ordination as an Episcopal deacon by bishop William Murray Stone of William Douglass, a Methodist preacher who then became the second rector of the historic African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas in Philadelphia (after Absalom Jones), where the African American abolitionist was ordained as a priest and served until his death in 1862.</p><br>
<p>The current church has a single-story rectangular stuccoed brick main block, three bays by three, resting on a partially excavated fieldstone foundation and covered by a steeply pitched slate roof. It features a 4-story bell tower with broach spire and patterned slate roof. This Gothic Revival structure was built in 1870–1874 but incorporated the walls of the earlier churches of 1824 and 1735. A graveyard surrounds the structure. The structure was designed by Thomas Dixon, a Baltimore architect.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>West Wallabi Island is an island in the Wallabi Group of the Houtman Abrolhos, in the Indian Ocean off the west coast of mainland Australia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>West Wallabi Island was important in the story of the Batavia shipwreck and massacre. Following the shipwreck in 1629, a group of soldiers under the command of Wiebbe Hayes were put ashore there to search for water. A group of mutineers who took control of the other survivors left them there in the hope that they would starve or die of thirst. However the soldiers discovered that they could wade to East Wallabi Island, where there was a fresh water spring. Furthermore, West and East Wallabi Islands are the only islands in the group upon which the tammar wallaby lives. Thus the soldiers had access to sources of both food and water that were unavailable to the mutineers.</p><br>
<p>Later the mutineers mounted a series of attacks, which the soldiers beat off. The Weibbe Hayes Stone Fort, remnants of improvised defensive walls and stone shelters built by Wiebbe Hayes and his men on West Wallabi Island, are Australia&#39;s oldest known European structures, more than 150 years before expeditions to the Australian continent by James Cook and Arthur Phillip.</p><br>
<p>In the context of the Batavia mutiny and massacre, East Wallabi Island is often referred to as "Wiebbe Hayes&#39; Island". This was the name given it in contemporary sources, and was used by historians as long as it remained a lost toponym.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Nominally located at 28&deg;28&prime;3&Prime;S latitude, 113&deg;41&prime;12&Prime;E longitude, West Wallabi Island is the largest island in the Houtman Abrolhos, with an area of 6.21 km² (about 2.5 sq miles) which is more than a third of the total land area of the archipelago. It is located in the north-west of the Wallabi Group, the northernmost of three island groups in the Houtman Abrolhos.</p><br>
<p>The island has three named points: Slaughter Point, Blowfish Point and Pelican Point. Between Blowfish Point and Pelican Point is a bay named Shag Bay, and south of Pelican Point is a bay named Horseyard Bay.</p><br>
<p>The island is surrounded by submerged coral reef. This is narrow at Shag Bay, but fairly extensive along the rest of the coast. To the north-east, the reef is high enough for a person to wade from island to island: islands connected to West Wallabi Island in this way include Barge Rock, Turnstone Island, Seagull Island, Oystercatcher Island and East Wallabi Island.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and physiography</h2><br>
<p>The base of West Wallabi Island is the Wallabi Limestone, a dense calcretised coral limestone platform that underlies the entire Wallabi Group. This platform, which rises abruptly from a flat shelf, is about 40 metres thick, and is of Quaternary origin. Reefs that formed during the Eemian interglacial (about 125,000 years ago) when sea levels were higher than at present, are now emergent in places, and constitute the basement of the group&#39;s central platform islands, which include West Wallabi Island.</p><br>
<p>The basement is capped in some places by an aeolianite pavement, and this is in turn overlain in places by sand dunes.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>As one of the few islands in the Houtman Abrolhos large enough to support dune systems, West Wallabi Island supports a relatively high diversity of plant life: according to a survey published in 2001, 97 plant species occur on the island. Both the dunes and the pavement limestone support species-rich vegetation complexes dominated by chenopod shrubs, and these communities have been identified as important for species conservation, because they are diverse, yet easily disturbed and slow to recover.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The island is part of the Houtman Abrolhos Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because it supports large numbers of breeding seabirds.</p><br>
<p>Martindale Hall is a Georgian style mansion near Mintaro, South Australia which appeared in the film Picnic at Hanging Rock.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Martindale Hall was built for a wealthy bachelor pastoralist, Edmund Bowman Jr (1855&ndash;1921). The architect was Ebenezer Gregg of London, the chief supervisor was Adelaide architect Edward John Woods and the builder was R. Huckson, who completed the work in 1880. Due to the specialist nature of the work involved, 50 of the 60 tradesmen were brought from England, and they returned when it was completed. The hall has some 32 rooms and also a large seven-room cellar, and its environs at the time also included a polo ground, a racecourse, a boating lake and a cricket pitch.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A decade after its construction, debt and drought forced the Bowmans to sell all their holdings. William Tennant Mortlock (son of William Ranson Mortlock) bought Martindale Hall in 1891. His son, John Andrew Tennant Mortlock, developed Martindale Station and built up an impressive collection of artwork which was displayed at the Hall. Dying childless, his wife became the heir to the Mortlock fortune, and she bequeathed Martindale Hall and the estate to the University of Adelaide in 1979 upon her death.</p><br>
<p>Martindale Hall along with 19 hectare of grounds were later handed to the South Australian Government by the University in 1986. From 1991 to late 2014, the property was managed under lease as a tourism enterprise, offering heritage accommodation, weddings and other functions, and access to the grounds and Hall to day visitors. The property is currently managed by the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, which in August 2015 received an unsolicited bid for the purchase or long-term lease of Martindale Hall. by The National Trust of South Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Usage</h2><br>
<p>The Hall and grounds are currently open to the public, seven days a week, as a day visitor site and museum.</p><br>
<p>Haycock Mountain or known locally as Ghost Mountain is a locally prominent hill with the highest summit in Bucks County. It rises above Nockamixon State Park, in the Delaware River drainage of southeastern Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>Haycock is covered with numerous triassic diabase boulders, and is a bouldering destination with many established routes ranging from V0 to V10+.</p><br>
<p>Since it lies within State Game Land Number 157, Haycock is used seasonally for hunting.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Haycock Mountain was formed 200 million years ago by an intrusion of magma into local shale and argillite within the Newark Basin. As the magma cooled it became a large mass of erosion resistant diabase below the surface. Millions of years of weathering then stripped away overlying layers of shale and argillite to expose the durable diabase to the surface, creating Haycock mountain as it appears today.</p><br>
<p>In addition to diabase, Haycock Mountain features a large area underlain by hornfels, or local sedimentary rock that has been baked by the heat of the magma intrusion. The baked rock is most prominent within a few hundred feet of the intrusion, appearing as a dark gray hornfels. However, the magma&#39;s heat was extensive enough to produce maroon hornfels nearly a mile away.</p><br>
<p>Rodgers Tavern, also known as Stevenson&#39;s Tavern, is a historic hotel located at Perryville, Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It is a mid-18th-century, two-story stone structure with a basement. All rooms have corner fireplaces. It was frequently visited by George Washington between the years 1755 and 1798, when it was owned and operated as an inn and tavern by Colonel John Rodgers . He was the father of John Rodgers , USA naval officer. During the 1880s the house was divided into two halves, east and west.</p><br>
<p>Rodgers Tavern was listed on the National Register of Historic Places during 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Rodgers Tavern, formerly known as Stevenson’s Tavern, is an 18th-century historical tavern in Cecil County. The tavern is located on 259 Broad Street, Perryville MD, 21903 and is originally known as the Ferry House due to the fact that it was built next to a ferry in 1695. The Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington Railroad bought the property as the tavern went into a period of neglect and deterioration. In 1956, the Society for the Preservation of Maryland Antiquities bought the tavern and friends of Rodgers Tavern began to rebuild the property to its former state. In 1972, the tavern was entered into the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The architecture for Rodgers Tavern is unique to the 18th century. The tavern has two stories. The exterior of the tavern is made out of stone that displays a fine quality of stone masonry, which gave the building a sense of taste and helped meet the needs of the taverns activities. The facade has 5 openings on each story. The center opening is an entrance to the first story and the basement. The main entrance consists of separate doors. The interior of the tavern is very distinctive as well with windows located on the first and second stories with 6 over 6 sash and wide frames. The East and West gables have two windows at each level and the cornice of the low pitched roof continues on all sides, which create pent eaves on the gables. The main floor has two parlors, one for the public and the other was a small office. The front parlor contains original 18th century paneling. The second floor has 5 chambers that were used mainly by its guests. Each room contains a corner fireplace. The southeast parlor is an original room, which contains raised panel chimney breast, bold cornice, 3 piece chair rail and original windows and door trim. This was the most elaborate design for all the rooms and tradition says that George Washington stayed in the northeast bedroom. In the 1880s, the house was divided into an east wing and a west wing with the original staircase being replaced by two steep enclosed stairs. The attic served as quarters for the guests’ servants, but was roughly finished.</p><br>
<h2>Usage (American Revolution - 1972)</h2><br>
<p>The Rodgers family actively supported the American cause during the American Revolution. John Rodgers Jr. became known as the “Father of the American Navy” for his service in the war of 1812 as Commodore of the American Navy. Washington spent the night thirty times between 1775 and 1798 from his days in the pre-Revolutionary military through his presidency.</p><br>
<p>Following the American Revolution, Rodgers Tavern continued as a well-frequented establishment known for excellent food and entertainment. However, the Lower Susquehanna Route, in which Rodgers Tavern is located on, became less popular with the introduction of bridges and railroads over the now antiquated ferries and carriages. The prominence of the tavern diminished and was no longer needed, but it stayed open until around 1886. Because of its minimal use, the tavern largely deteriorated. It wasn’t until 1956, when the Society for the Preservation of Maryland Antiquities purchased the building, that a preservation and revitalization effort began to save the tavern. 16 years later, the tavern was finally entered in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Recent Renovations (1972 - Present)</h2><br>
<p>In the past decade, the tavern served as a small museum and offices to the town chamber of commerce. In 2010, LSHG requested $150,000 to ultimately complete the third and final phase of the Rodgers Tavern Readiness Project. According to the Baltimore Sun, the state has awarded LSHG $125,000 to complete the renovations. The grant will pay for interior and exterior repairs. The restoration plans include a new roof, gutters, downspout, interior paster walls, fresh interior paint, electric work, heating, air conditioning, and a sewage connection to the city. During a recent excavation, artifacts have been found on site that are currently in storage until the reopening of the tavern. These artifacts consisted of antique clothing, furniture, and small trinkets.</p><br>
<h2>Perryville History</h2><br>
<p>The town of Perryville itself has a rich history that surrounds the unassuming tavern. It was founded in 1608 after Captain John Smith visited following his adventure as the first European explorer to navigate the Susquehanna River. ). It was first settled by Edward Palmer after he was granted a patent for what is now Garrett Island. In the 1600s, Lord Baltimore granted Lord Talbot 31,000 acres of land, including Perryville. The town went through many names before its incorporation in 1882, including “Lower Ferry” in 1695 and “Susquehanna” in the 1700s. It wasn’t until the later 1700s that it came to be known as “Perryville” after John Bateman’s wife, Mary Perry.</p><br>
<p>The Gilpins Falls Covered Bridge is a Burr arch through truss wooden covered bridge near North East, Cecil County, Maryland, United States. The bridge was constructed by local Cecil County bridgewright Joseph George Johnson in the autumn and winter of 1860-61 across North East Creek. The bridge was erected adjacent to and upstream of Samuel Gilpins mills and dam and crosses the millpond formed by it. This bridge has a span of 100 ft and a total length of 119 ft with its shelter panel overhangs, is 13.5 ft wide, and is closed to all vehicular traffic.</p><br>
<p>The structure was restored in 1959 by the State Roads Commission and the Historical Society of Cecil County. In 2010 the bridge was rehabilitated by engineers Wallace, Montgomery & Associates, LLP; contractor Kinsley Construction; and specialist bridgwrighting subcontractors, Barns & Bridges of New England, the Truax Timberwright Woodworks, and New World Restoration.</p><br>
<p>Gilpin&#39;s Falls Covered Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Construction details</h2><br>
<p>The bridges trusses, floor beams, ties, and lateral bracing systems are framed almost entirely of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus), a species typically favored for wooden bridge framing in areas of the country where it was found, for its strength-to-weight ratio. So favored for this purpose, it was commonly imported into areas where it was unavailable as an indigenous species (minimizing dead load a strategy for increasing capacity for live load). Original rafters were quite easily identifiable from those replaced after the 1958 roof collapse, and were (as are the newly replicated replacements) framed with tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), also a lightweight species favored by the bridgewrighting community where available. Replicated rafters, like their predecessors, are tapered over their length, one inch wider at their tail than at the ridge. This was likely not an esthetic choice, but done as part of an overall strategy to minimize dead load. The original floor beams were replaced sometime in the 1920s, the bridges final decade of service, with mixed species ash and oak. This was an attempt to increase load capacity. The only original white pine floorbeam to escape replacement was the one found at the centerline of truss, which was tenoned through the king post at midspan. All others were bolted to the sides of their adjacent posts, and were easily replaced. This strategy seems to have failed (the bridge was bypassed in the following decade) and the additional weight was part of the reason why the bridges framing became severely distorted in the decades of neglect to follow. These hardwood replacements had heavy infestations of deathwatch and powderpost beetles (Bostrichoidea) and were again replaced with timbers of appropriate species in the recently completed restoration.</p><br>
<p>Brick Academy is the nickname for a Federal-style brick building built in 1809 to meet the growing needs of the Basking Ridge Classical School located in the Basking Ridge section of Bernards Township, Somerset County, New Jersey. That school existed prior to 1799, at least 10 years before the construction of this building in 1809. The brick building was constructed for the elementary school run by local Presbyterian pastor, Rev. Robert Finley. This was about halfway through Rev. Finley&#39;s time at Basking Ridge. During the time he ran the school, attendance grew from fewer than 12 to an average near 25 students, and sometimes as high as 40 students. Students came from near & far, mostly from prominent families. The school was a high end preparatory school for boys who generally continued on to the College of New Jersey, later , known as Princeton University. In 1817, Rev. Finley quit Basking Ridge to briefly become president of the University of Georgia in Athens, GA. By 1828, the "Brick Academy" corporation was formed and the building continued use as a private, then public school in 1853, before being used for other purposes.</p><br>
<p>The nickname "Brick Academy" is often misused to include students who actually attended the "Basking Ridge Classical School" (prior to 1828). It is also used inappropriately to include students at that school prior to the construction of the brick building, later known as "the Brick Academy". Samuel Southard is frequently cited as having attended the "Brick Academy" in Basking Ridge, however he graduated Princeton in 1804 - fully 5 years prior to the construction of the brick building later known as the Brick Academy.</p><br>
<p>After many years of service as a private boys&#39; school, the Brick Academy later served as a public school, and then as a meeting hall for several fraternal and benevolent organizations, and the Bernards Township municipal building. (See timeline below.) In 1976 the Township leased the Brick Academy to which uses the historic building for its headquarters and public meetings, and operates a museum, one room schoolhouse for local history, and research room. That organization offers.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>The Basking Ridge Classical School was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Notable students</h2><br>
<p>Samuel Lewis Southard (1787-1842), served as USA Senator, Secretary of the Navy, and the 10th Governor of New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>Theodore Frelinghuysen, United States Senator, Whig candidate for Vice President in 1844, and president of Rutgers College</p><br>
<p>William Lewis Dayton, United States Senator, Republican candidate for Vice President in 1856, and Minister to France during the Civil War</p><br>
<p>Commodore Robert Field Stockton, hero of the Mexican War</p><br>
<h2>Timeline</h2><br>
<p>1795-8 Basking Ridge Classical School founded(?) by Reverend Robert Finley with students boarding locally or with Dr. Finley</p><br>
<p>1809 Brick Academy is constructed as the home of the Basking Ridge Classical School</p><br>
<p>1817 Rev Finley leaves NJ and travels to Athens GA to become president of University of Georgia, about a month before his death.</p><br>
<p>1828 Basking Ridge Brick Academy Company incorporated</p><br>
<p>1853 School District #12 in Basking Ridge opens in the Brick Academy building as a public school.</p><br>
<p>1896 College of New Jersey changes name to Princeton University as part of the sesquicentennial celebrations.</p><br>
<p>1904 The Brick Academy is sold to the Ancient Order of United Workmen (1904-1925) Junior Order of United American Mechanics</p><br>
<p>1924 Bernards Township, New Jersey rents building for municipal offices</p><br>
<p>1948 Bernards Township buys building for continued use for municipal offices</p><br>
<p>1975 Bernards Township government moves to former Astor estate at 1 Collyer Lane</p><br>
<p>1976 Township leases Brick Academy to The Historical Society of the Somerset Hills</p><br>
<p>1976 Brick Academy listed on National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>2008 Dedication and opening of the top floor of the Brick Academy restoration effort. (November 11, 2008)</p><br>
<p>2009 Brick Academy Bicentennial celebration</p><br>
<p>The Afon Sawdde is a river in the county of Carmarthenshire, Wales. For most of its course it flows through the Brecon Beacons National Park and Fforest Fawr Geopark.</p><br>
<h2>Llyn y Fan Fach</h2><br>
<p>The river rises on the northern slopes of the Black Mountain and flows north, then west, then northwest for a total of some 18 km to its confluence with the River Towy near Llangadog. The source of the river is Llyn y Fan Fach, a lake of glacial origin sitting in a deep cwm beneath Bannau Sir Gaer. The lake itself is intimately associated with the legend of the Lady of the Lake, a Welsh tale from the Middle Ages.</p><br>
<p>Its major tributaries are the Nant Crynfe, Afon Llechach on its right bank and the Afon Meilwch, Afon Clydach and Sawdde Fechan on its left bank.</p><br>
<p>The river is closely followed by the A4069 road for several kilometres southeast road from Llangadog, not least where the river enters the wooded gorge section between Rhyd-y-saint and Pont Newydd. Almost continuous exposures of a Devonian and Silurian rock sequence occur in the bed and sides of the river in this part of its course and have resulted in its designation as a geological site of special scientific interest.</p><br>
<p>The name of the river may derive from the Welsh word sawdd meaning sinking though equally it may be from a personal name. Its tributary the Clydach is one of several rivers bearing this name in South Wales and thought to derive from an earlier Celtic word klou or kleu together with the suffix -ach which is of Irish origin. The sense is of a strong-flowing, washing or stony river.</p><br>
<p>Liriodendron is a historic home and estate located at Bel Air, Harford County, Maryland, United States. It was the summer home of Laetitia and Dr Howard Kelly, a successful surgeon and founding member of the Johns Hopkins Medical College, and comprises the mansion named Liriodendron; the Graybeal-Kelly House; a c. 1835 bank barn; a c. 1898 carriage house; a c. 1850 board-and-batten cottage; and five other outbuildings including a corn crib, a smokehouse, two ice houses, and a shed. The -story, stuccoed brick mansion was designed by the Baltimore architectural firm of Wyatt and Nolting in the Georgian Revival style and constructed about 1898. The -story Georgian-style Graybeal-Kelly House, built about 1835, was the manor house for the farm until the mansion was constructed. It is used as a wedding, conference, and arts facility.</p><br>
<p>Liriodendron was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Tair Carn Uchaf  is a hill in the Brecon Beacons National Park  in the county of Carmarthenshire, Wales. Its summit sits atop a plateau-like ridge at 482 m above sea level and is marked by one of the three huge cairns which give the mountain its name.</p><br>
<p>The main ridge leads southwest towards the subsidiary top of Tair Carn Isaf ("Lower Three Cairns", 51.8344&deg; latitude, -3.9113&deg; longitude), which hosts further cairns. The summit of this top lies at 460 m, whilst a trig point just to its southwest lies at a height of 459 metres. To the south of the main ridge lies the subsidiary peak of Drysgol which reaches a height of 393 m.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and drainage</h2><br>
<p>To the south is Cwm Aman into which flow the streams of Nant Pedol and Nant-y-ffin or Berach whilst the Nant Gwythwch drains westwards into the Afon Llwchwr. Rainwater falling on the hill&#39;s northern slopes is likely to spend part of its journey underground on account of the band of Carboniferous Limestone which sweeps across this area from east to west. Northward drainage is ultimately into the Afon Llwchwr and Afon Cennen.</p><br>
<p>The summit plateau is formed from blocks of the Twrch Sandstone (formerly the Basal Grit) of the Marros Group (former Millstone Grit Series) deposited during the Carboniferous period. Whilst the general dip of the rock strata is to the south, there are areas which have foundered due to the presence of the soluble limestone not far beneath the surface.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The hill is open country so walkers can roam across it at will. There are public footpaths along its southern margin and a long bridleway crosses the moors to the east of the hill. two minor roads cross its western flanks. The Beacons Way route from Llangadog to Abergavenny runs along the northern flanks of Tair Carn Uchaf.</p><br>
<p>Mount Adams, also known as The Mount, is a historic home and farm complex located at Bel Air, Harford County, Maryland, United States. The complex consists of a 114 acre working farm, originally part of Broom&#39;s Bloom, centered on a large, multi-sectioned, -story frame house built in 1817 in the Federal style. The house has an 1850, -story cross-gabled addition, connected, but an independent unit from the main house, and slightly taller in the Greek Revival style. The property include a stone bank barn, a stone-and-stucco dairy, a stone-and-stucco privy, all dating from the early 19th century, as well as a family cemetery. Its builder was Captain John Adams Webster.</p><br>
<p>Mount Adams was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Sumpter Valley Railway Passenger Station was the westernmost station on the Sumpter Valley Railway, which ran 80 mi from Baker City to Prairie City in the USA state of Oregon. The line reached Prairie City in 1910 but was abandoned in 1933, and the station became a private dwelling. Since 1984, the renovated station has housed the collections of the DeWitt Museum, including railway artifacts from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Incorporated in 1890, the narrow gauge railway&#39;s initial purpose was to haul logs from forests near Baker City in Baker County to a sawmill in South Baker City. By 1891, the line had reached McEwen, 22 mi to the west, and the railroad began offering passenger and freight service. To reach uncut forests further west, the company extended the line in stages. It reached Sumpter in 1896 and continued southwestward to Whitney, Tipton, Austin and Bates. By 1910, it arrived in Prairie City, a ranching and mining community on the John Day River in Grant County.</p><br>
<p>Ten years later, the railway began losing business to automobiles and trucks, and in 1933 the 20 mi of track between Prairie City and Bates were abandoned. From then until 1973, the Prairie City Depot was used as a dwelling. Thereafter, the Sumpter Valley Depot Restoration Committee renovated the structure, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>DeWitt Museum</h2><br>
<p>The City of Prairie City, assuming management of the building in 1984, used it to house the DeWitt Museum. Its collections include lanterns, lights, and other railway artifacts, and photographs of train wrecks and of life along the rail line. Other parts of the museum house a collection of rocks and minerals, family photo albums, and mining artifacts from Grant County at the turn of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Tudor Hall is a historic home located at Bel Air, Harford County, Maryland, United States. It is a -story Gothic Revival cottage built of painted brick. The house was built as a country retreat by Junius Brutus Booth  from Plates 44 and 45, Design XVII, of The Architect, by William H. Ranlett, 1847. However, Booth never lived in Tudor Hall, because he died before it was completed. His son Edwin Booth lived there only briefly on his return from California before he moved the family back into Baltimore. But his other son, John Wilkes Booth, lived there with his mother, brother Joseph, and two sisters from December 1852 through most of 1856.</p><br>
<p>After the family moved out, they rented the home to the King family and later sold it to Sam Kyle and Ella Mahoney. She lived in Tudor Hall for 70 years and opened a museum. After her death the house passed through a succession of owners, including the Worthington family, who owned the Aegis newspaper. Finally the house was sold to the Foxes, who reopened Mahoney&#39;s museum.</p><br>
<p>Tudor Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. A modification to its listing, to decrease its boundaries, was registered in 1982. After the Preservation Association of Tudor Hall (PATH) collapsed, Tudor Hall was sold to the Bakers and later to Harford County, who are now in possession of the historic home.</p><br>
<p>The house is currently the home of the Junius B. Booth Society, a group of volunteers dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of the historic home. Tudor Hall is open for tours on select Sundays from April until November and during special events hosted by the Society.</p><br>
<p>Rigbie House, also known as "Phillip&#39;s Purchase", is a historic home located at Berkley, Harford County, Maryland. It is a -story, frame and stone structure built about 1781. It was one of a series of forest outposts fortified against the Indians and representing Lord Baltimore’s claim of 1632 to land extending north to the 40th parallel. In April 1781, it was the place where the Marquis de Lafayette’s officers quelled a mutiny that might have prevented his army of New England troops, who had been headed homeward, from turning south again to join General Greene and General Washington at Yorktown, in which case that battle might never have been fought.</p><br>
<p>Phillip&#39;s Purchase was a tract of land inherited by Colonial Nathaniel Rigbie in 1708. He moved to the area, originally consisting of approximately 2,000 acres, in 1730 with his wife Cassandra Coale. They built the Rigbie House in 1732. The land covered much of what is now Berkley, Maryland and Darlington, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Fair Meadows is a historic home located at Creswell, Harford County, Maryland. It is a -story Second Empire–style house constructed in 1868 for the last owner of Harford Furnace, Clement Dietrich. The house is constructed of irregularly laid ashlar and features a mansard roof, cupola, dormers with rounded hoods, and stone quoins. The interior has a center hall plan and includes intricate inlay designs, black and white marble tiles in the center hall, plaster ceiling ornaments and friezes, marble mantels, and original crystal chandeliers. Also on the property are the ruins of a round springhouse, a one-story stone carriage house, a brick smokehouse, and three hip-roofed coursed rubble stone outbuildings. The estate was later home to Eastern Christian College.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Olney, originally patented as Prospect, is a historic home and farm complex located at Joppa, Harford County, Maryland. It is a 264 acre working pony farm with a collection of 15 structures ranging in style, use, and elegance. The main building on the property is a -story brick house dating to 1810, generally called "the mansion." The house was evolved into a museum of Maryland architecture, with salvaged features from demolished buildings in Baltimore and Philadelphia. These include paneling from the Isaac Van Bibber house in Fells Point, Baltimore dating to 1815; the marble Ionic portico from William Smalls Baltimore Athenaeum from 1830; and a marble bas-relief plaque designed by Pierre LEnfant for Robert Morriss great 1795 house in Philadelphia. Also on the property is an early-18th-century, -story stone dwelling and a variety of still-functioning farm structures that in themselves range in style from simple stone stables and frame hay barns to an unusual two-story brick blacksmiths shop. In addition, the 1914 Union Chapel School, was moved onto the property in 1980 and re-outfitted as St. Alban&#39;s Anglican Church. The property was developed by J. Alexis Shriver , a man prominent in local and state historical and agricultural matters who lived at Olney from 1890 until his death.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Rockdale, also known as The Robinson/Stirling Place, is a historic home and farm complex located at Fallston, Harford County, Maryland, United States. It is a farm developed from the late 18th century through the early 20th century. The dwelling is in three parts. The east room of the east wing is the earliest section dating from the 18th century. The largest or main portion of the dwelling dates from between 1815 and 1830. The north wing, a bay centered in the south façade of the second story, and a small conservatory, date from the very early 20th century. The main house is five bays in length, two and a half stories, of stone construction, stuccoed and scored. The home is surrounded by several outbuildings, trees, and other plantings, and the remains of formal gardens and garden structures developed in the early 20th century. It was the residence of William E. Robinson , an entrepreneur in the local canning industry.</p><br>
<p>Rockdale was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Wildfell is a historic home located at Darlington, Harford County, Maryland, United States. It is a two-story, octagonal house of stacked plank construction, featuring an 8-sided roof topped by an octagonal "captains walk," flanked by two brick chimneys. The house has a simplified Federal style. It was built about 1854, and served as summer home for the Jewett family until 1874.</p><br>
<p>Wildfell is one of the rare octagonal houses built in Maryland at the height of the "Octagon Fad". Located in Darlington, Maryland just off US 1, the house is a prominent feature of Harford County.</p><br>
<p>Construction is believed to have begun in 1847 with completion prior to 1854. Commissioned by the Joseph Jewett family of Baltimore, Maryland and built by William Hensel. The Jewett family learned of an abandoned Baltimore clipper ship which had served in the War of 1812. The Jewett family purchased the derelict and contracted Hensel (a former naval carpenter) to salvage wood from the vessel and transport materials to the building site in Darlington, MD. The short oak timbers and naval treated planks were well suited to the short walls required by the octagonal design. The interior layout resembles an octagon divided into quadrants. Thus, most rooms have 5 walls.</p><br>
<p>Two stories high, the octagonal house has an 8-sided roof topped by an octagonal "widows walk" flanked by two brick chimneys which serviced 4 fireplaces in the primary living areas and a hearth in the basement. The house faces southeast, with one or two openings in each wall. A modern one-story wing (constructed 2011, replaced ca.1900 structure) runs northwest. There is a three-sided porch facing east, southeast, and south.</p><br>
<p>Wildfell is a simplified Federal style, with a molding over the boxed eaves, which is repeated on the porch above its octagonal pillars. The six-paneled front door in a plain frame is topped by a four-light transom. Windows have 6/6 lights behind louvered shutters. The stairway has two turned balusters on each step under a walnut handrail. Double parlors are separated by pocket doors. Original kitchen and dining room spaces are to the rear.</p><br>
<p>Perhaps unique to this house are the exterior and interior load bearing walls whose construction is of narrow (1”x7”) oak planks laid horizontally, nailed from above as the work proceeded, forming a virtually solid 7” wall thickness. The construction method is visible beneath the shutters of the false windows to the left of the front door. The window placement would have opened out from the side of the staircase, but is placed to complete the symmetrical appearance of the house. Floor joists are hand hued timber beams set in a cross pattern and cross joined by lesser beams.</p><br>
<p>The Jewetts used Wildfell as a summer home from March 1854 until June 1874. The property was sold in 1874 and it came into ownership by the prominent Scott family where it remained for several generations.</p><br>
<p>Wildfell is listed on the National Register of Historic Places September 20, 1973.</p><br>
<p>The property is currently owned by Matthew and Bonnie Payne.</p><br>
<p>not to be confused with Foel Fraith a few miles further west in the Black Mountain range</p><br>
<p>Fan Fraith is a top of Fan Gyhirych in the Fforest Fawr section of the Brecon Beacons National Park in the county of Powys, south Wales. Its summit is at a height of 2192 feet or 668 m. It lies within Fforest Fawr Geopark.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The bulk of the hill is formed from sandstones and mudstones of the Brownstones Formation of the Old Red Sandstone laid down during the Devonian period. Sandstones of the overlying Plateau Beds Formation occur in the summit area as do beds of the Grey Grits Formation - both are assigned to the upper Devonian. The Plateau Beds sandstones occur across the whole southern aspect of the mountain and are often present as boulder fields,a result of periglacial activity. Several geological faults affect these rocks, the most significant of which is the northeast-southwest aligned Swansea Fault, a part of the Cribarth Disturbance.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The hill is entirely within access land and freely available to walkers. A private vehicular track which runs over the southeastern shoulder of neighbouring Fan Gyhirych affords the easiest and most commonly used ascent of Fan Fraith.</p><br>
<p>Garreg Las is a subsidiary summit of Fan Brycheiniog in the Brecon Beacons National Park  in Carmarthenshire, southern Wales. Its summit sits towards the northern end of a broad north-south ridge, Esgair Hir , at 635 m above sea level. The hill is sometimes referred to as Twyn Swnd.</p><br>
<p>A subsidiary top just over 1 km to the north of the main summit is Carreg yr Ogof (meaning "rock of the cave"), whose name reflects its limestone geology. Its top, at 585 m above sea level, is crowned by a trig point.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Garreg Las is formed from the Twrch Sandstone, a coarse sandstone (formerly known as the Basal Grit) of the Marros Group (formerly the Millstone Grit Series) which was laid down during the Carboniferous period. Wrapped around its northern and western flanks is a narrow band of Carboniferous Limestone which gives rise to a karst landscape. The Twrch Fechan Fault defines its eastern margin and brings Old Red Sandstone rocks into contact with the limestone on this flank. A number of major shakeholes in the Basal Grit adorn these eastern flanks, one of which, known as Pwll Cynrig is flooded.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>On the summit are two prehistoric cairns known as Carnau&#39;r Garreg Las. A further cairn, known as Carn y Gigfran, lies a few hundred metres to the north of Carreg yr Ogof. They are likely to be of British Bronze Age date like so many of the stone barrows and cairns along the length of the Brecon Beacons. A round barrow on Fan Foel was excavated in 2002-4 and showed a date of about 2000 BC with two separate burials in the cairn. However, it was low and small compared with the large stone cairns. It is also likely that both cairns and barrows possess multiple interments, again like other cairns in the area. What makes them interesting is their great size of about 20 metre diameter, indicating their importance to the prehistoric local community.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The hill is entirely classed as open country and therefore freely available to walkers. A bridleway approaches the hill from Llanddeusant to the north and is followed in part by the Beacons Way which runs from Llangadog to Abergavenny and which continues southwards over the hill.</p><br>
<p>Junction Peak is a thirteener in the Sierra Nevada. Joseph Nisbet LeConte chose this name in 1896, noting that it marks the point where the Sierra Crest crosses the water divide of the Kern and Kings rivers. Today it also is the boundary between Inyo and Tulare counties, and of Kings Canyon National Park, Sequoia National Park and the John Muir Wilderness.</p><br>
<p>Botanist Edwin Bingham Copeland and partner E. N. Henderson were the first climbers known to reach Junction Peak&#39;s summit, on August 8, 1899. They pioneered the South Ridge route, following the exposed ridge from Diamond Mesa to the top of Junction. Over the course of nearly a century, several more class 3 and 4 routes were established. The first winter climb was made by the West Ridge, culminating on March 21, 1973. The first technical climb recorded on Junction was the grade III 5.7 North Buttress route.</p><br>
<p>Waun Lefrith is a top of Picws Du and is also the westernmost of the Carmarthen Fans or Bannau Sir Gaer, a group of peaks within the Black Mountain  of the Brecon Beacons National Park . It lies within Carmarthenshire, Wales. The summit plateau of the mountain reaches a height of 2221 feet above sea level. Picws Du and Fan Foel are the other, higher summits of the Bannau Sir Gaer / Carmarthen Fans. The glacial lake of Llyn y Fan Fach dominates the panorama to the north of the peak. Beyond the lake to the north lies the Usk Reservoir and then the Cambrian Mountains on the horizon. Swansea Bay and the Bristol Channel are visible to the south across the undulating dip slope of the mountain. The Tywi valley lies to the west, with Llandovery and Llandeilo as important market towns</p><br>
<p>nearest to the hills.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Waun Lefrith is formed from the sandstones and mudstones of the Brownstones Formation of the Old Red Sandstone laid down during the Devonian period. Its southern slopes are formed from the hard-wearing sandstones of the overlying Plateau Beds Formation which are of upper/late Devonian age. It is those rocks which form vertical crags along the top edge of the scarp. The northern face of Waun Lefrith was home to a glacier during the ice ages which gouged out the cwm in which Llyn y Fan Fach now sits. This empties via the Afon Sawdde into the River Towy. The southern slopes drain via the Twrch Fechan, the Nant Menyn and Nant Lluestau into the Afon Twrch and so into the River Tawe.</p><br>
<p>Large moraines occur to the east of the summit at the base of the scarp, and below the prominent peak of Picws Du as well as those damming the Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The entire mountain is open country and so freely accessible to walkers. The most popular path of ascent is that from the car park at the foot of the water board road running steeply up to Llyn y Fan Fach and over which lake the mountain looms. It lies to the east of the small village of Llanddeusant. However, the road is in very bad condition for car travel, and poorly signposted. The ridge running up to the peak starts at the dam on the lake (where there is a small refuge hut or bothy) and rises west up the hill before turning along the edge of the cliff above the lake. The walk along the escarpment gives excellent aerial views of the lake, although some care is needed in poor visibility or cold weather.</p><br>
<p>The high level route of the Beacons Way from Llangadog to Abergavenny runs over Waun Lefrith whilst the low level route runs along the foot of its northern escarpment to the small glacial lake of Llyn y Fan Fach. Most of the upper part of the mountain is covered with peat bogs, but the footpath is protected at some points by stone pavements. The path follows the edge of the escarpment, giving panoramic views in all directions. The footpath from Llanddeusant avoids the parallel tarmacked road to the dam, rising along the ridge which leads directly to the summit.</p><br>
<p>As in all mountains care is needed when the weather is poor, when visibility falls due to mist, fog or driving rain and snow. Navigation can become difficult when landmarks disappear, and especially dangerous when walking along the edge of the escarpment. A prismatic compass and local map are essential companions to aid route finding. There are relatively few walkers on the Black Mountain, even when the weather is good and clear, so the walker must rely on his or her own resources to complete a circuit.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>There are numerous different species of bird in the area, and they include the red kite, common buzzard, kestrel, carrion crow, common raven and jackdaw as well as the skylark, to name a few of the most obvious residents. The kestrel and buzzard are widely distributed, but the raven is restricted to the higher mountains. The red kite survived in this area and was the last refuge of the species thanks to the lack of shoots for game birds. It has now been reintroduced to many parts of England and Wales thanks to campaigns run by the RSPB and Forestry Commission, for example. There are several game birds such as pheasant and red grouse. There is a wide distribution of mammals such as field voles, foxes and badgers as well as many songbirds. The skylark is plentiful due to the extensive rough pasture present below the main peaks which allows ground nesting of the species. Pied wagtails are common near the streams and torrents running from the hill tops.</p><br>
<p>The Col. John Streett House is a historic home located at Street, Harford County, Maryland, United States. It is a Federal style home composed of three brick sections, two of which are original and one a late 19th-century addition. The original dwelling built about 1805, consists of a -story, five-bay, gable-roofed main section and a 2-story, two-bay attached kitchen. The kitchen wing section has two unequal-sized rooms on the ground floor and a large loft room above, reached by a closed, corner stair. The home is named for Colonel John Streett , a man prominent in local politics and a hero of the War of 1812 who lead Harford&#39;s 7th Regiment Cavalry at the Battle of North Point.</p><br>
<p>The Col. John Streett House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Picws Du is the second highest peak of the Carmarthen Fans  in the Carmarthenshire section of the Black Mountain in the west of the Brecon Beacons National Park in south Wales. The highest peak is Fan Foel immediately next along the ridge and it is a subsidiary summit of Fan Brycheiniog.</p><br>
<p>Picws Du falls within Fforest Fawr Geopark and its prominent summit is marked by a large Bronze Age round barrow at a height of 2457 feet above sea level. Waun Lefrith is the other, lower summit of the Bannau Sir Gaer / Carmarthen Fans situated to the west. The peak overlooks the glacial lake of Llyn y Fan Fach in the cwm below. As the peak sits on the edge of the escarpment on a ridge which juts out into the valley below, the views from the summit are panoramic and extensive. The views to the north are especially impressive when the weather is clear, looking towards the Cambrian Mountains, Mynydd Epynt and Brecon. Swansea and the Bristol Channel can just be seen on the horizon to the south, across the gently falling dip slope. Pen y Fan and Corn Du are distinctive landmarks seen directly to the east across Fforest Fawr.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Picws Du is formed from the sandstones and mudstones of the Brownstones Formation of the Old Red Sandstone laid down during the Devonian period. Its summit and southern slopes are formed from the hard-wearing sandstones of the overlying Plateau Beds Formation which are of upper/late Devonian age. The northwestern and northeast faces of Picws Du were home to small glaciers during the ice ages which gouged out the cirque of Pwll yr Henllyn and Pant y Bwlch. These cwms drain via the Afon Sawdde into the River Towy to the west. They also drain into the River Usk to the north, which then drains into the Usk Reservoir, visible from the summit of the mountain in the middle distance. The southern slopes drain into the Afon Twrch and the slopes to the east so into the River Tawe. The glacial lake of Llyn y Fan Fach is situated below the summit to the west, and is only slightly smaller than its companion Llyn y Fan Fawr about 2 miles to the east. There are several large linear moraines below the cliffs, similar to that below Fan Hir, and some of which retain small pools.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The summit hosts a very large Bronze Age round barrow which is in a degraded state and remains unexcavated. However, there are similar burial cairns at the summits of Pen y Fan and Fan Foel. The latter was excavated in 2002-4 with the results published in 2014 in Archaeologia Cambrensis. The round barrow was about 16 meters (about 52 feet) wide and was badly eroded with stones from the structure removed to build a central cairn by passing walkers. Excavation of the barrow showed that it contained two separate burials, the central one in a stone cist contained the burnt bones of an adult woman and two children carbon dated to about 2000 BC. It is likely that the barrow on Picws Du is of a similar age when the climate was much warmer than today, and the now deserted sub-arctic and tree-less landscape supported a larger human population than at present.</p><br>
<p>There are several legends associated with the glacial lake below the summit, Llyn y Fan Fach, one of which is the story of the Lady of the Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The entire mountain is open country and so freely accessible to walkers. The most popular approach includes a circuit of the neighbouring peaks of Waun Lefrith and Fan Foel. The high level route of the Beacons Way from Llangadog to Abergavenny runs over Picws Du whilst the low level route runs up to Llyn y Fan Fach and beside the Afon Sychlwch at the foot of its northern escarpment. The higher route follows the edge of the escarpment from near Fan Hir, where the path climbs the escarpment from Llyn y Fan Fawr. Stone pavements have been added at especially wet parts of the path, where the path crosses peat bogs. There is a well built stone staircase climbing the escarpment where the Beacons Way rises from Llyn y Fan Fawr to Fan Brycheiniog.</p><br>
<p>Access to the mountain is also possible from the car park at the foot of the road leading the small dam on Llyn y Fan Fach. The road gives an easy but steep route to the lake, and Picws Du looms large over the scene. The footpath rises from the dam wall up the ridge to the east until it reaches the cliff above the lake. It then follows the cliff edge across Waun Lefrith to the summit, passing several rock outcrops and gullies dropping to the lake below. The views are extensive to the south with Swansea visible as well as the Bristol Channel. Views to the north include Mynydd Epynt and Brecon, with Llandeilo and the Tywi valley to the west.</p><br>
<p>As in all mountains care is needed when the weather is poor, especially when visibility falls due to mist, fog or driving rain and snow. Navigation can become difficult when landmarks disappear, and is particularly dangerous when walking along the edge of the escarpment. A prismatic compass and local map are essential companions to aid navigation. There are relatively few walkers on the Black Mountain, even when the weather is good and clear, so the rambler must rely on his or her own resources to complete a circuit.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>There are numerous different species of bird in the area, and they include the red kite, common buzzard, kestrel, carrion crow, common raven and skylark to name a few of the most obvious residents. The red kite was previously restricted to this and adjoining areas in South Wales such as Mynydd Mallaen, owing to persecution from farmers and gamekeepers who thought (wrongly) that the bird attacked game birds. The red kite has since been re-introduced widely in many parts of Britain, such as the Chilterns and Northamptonshire. The kestrel and buzzard are widely distributed, but the raven is mainly restricted to the higher mountains.</p><br>
<p>There is a wide distribution of mammals such as field voles, rabbits, foxes, weasels and badgers as well as many songbirds. The skylark is plentiful due to the extensive rough pasture present below the main peaks which allows ground nesting of the species. Pied wagtails are common near the streams and torrents running from the hill tops.</p><br>
<p>The mountain tops are above the tree line, and sessile oak is found clinging to the lower valley sides where they are sheltered from the winds. There are also a number of conifer forests maintained by the Forestry Commission on the lower slopes.</p><br>
<p>Ivory Mills is a 14 acre, historic grist mill complex located at White Hall, Harford County, Maryland, United States. It consists of six standing 19th century frame buildings and structures: mill, miller&#39;s house, barn, corncrib, carriage house, and chicken house. The property also includes the ruins of a stone spring house, and the stone abutments of a frame, Federal-era covered bridge. The focus of the complex is the three-story stone and frame mill building built about 1818. The ground story is constructed of coursed stone rubble and the upper stories are clapboard. The family first started a mill on this site in 1781, and this mill ceased functioning in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Ivory Mills was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Gladden Farm, also known as Gladden-Roming Stone House, is a historic home and farm complex located at Street, Harford County, Maryland. It contains three historically significant structures: a large five-bay rubblestone bank house with Federal detailing, a one-story rubblestone spring house, and a one-story board-and-batten frame shop. The first two structures probably date to about 1820, the latter from the mid 19th century. Some interior details were installed about 1945 from a demolished house on Franklin Street in Baltimore, including a mantel and built-in cabinets and bookcases and the main room&#39;s north wall is paneled in English oak removed from another demolished Baltimore dwelling. The home is named for the locally prominent Gladden family, who were leading and innovative farmers, who saw to it that the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad was built through this party of the county, and established a station stop near their farm at The Rocks.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Lune Aqueduct is a navigable aqueduct that carries the Lancaster Canal over the River Lune, on the east side of the city of Lancaster in Lancashire, England. It was completed in 1797 at a total cost of £48,320 18s 10d.</p><br>
<p>It is a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The aqueduct was designed by civil engineer John Rennie and constructed by architect Alexander Stevens (died 1796, aged 66). The cost of the construction was close to £50,000.</p><br>
<p>The aqueduct is a traditional structure of that time, consisting of five stone arches supporting the stone trough. Within the piers, special volcanic pozzolana powder was imported to be mixed with cement, which allowed the concrete to set under water.</p><br>
<p>Because of the rush to finish the initial stages, before the winter floods, the construction was carried out around the clock and the final bill for the project was over £30,000 over budget (2.6 times the original estimate). This vast overspend was the reason that the Lancaster canal was never joined to the main canal network – there wasn’t enough money for the planned aqueduct over the River Ribble at the southern end of the canal.</p><br>
<h2>Recent restoration</h2><br>
<p>Work began to restore the aqueduct in January 2011, and was completed in March 2012. The work involved restoring the canal channel, masonry repairs, removing graffiti, and improving public access. The project cost £2.4m, and was funded by British Waterways, Lancaster Canal Trust, English Heritage and the Heritage Lottery Fund.</p><br>
<h2>Inscriptions</h2><br>
<p>The structure bears two inscriptions:</p><br>
<p>North side: "To Public Prosperity"</p><br>
<p>South side: "QUAE DEERANT ADEUNT: SOCIANTUR DISSITA: MERCES FLUMINA CONVENIUNT ARTE DATURA NOVAS. A.D. MDCCXCVII. ING. I. RENNIE EXTRUX. A. STEVENS. P. ET F." which can be translated as: "Things that are wanting are brought together / Things remote are connected / Rivers themselves meet by the assistance of art / To afford new objects of commerce. AD 1797. Engineer J Rennie. Built A Stevens father and son" (translated from the Latin)</p><br>
<p>Churchville Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church located at Churchville, Harford County, Maryland. It consists of three harmoniously designed sections: the original one-story, four by three bay, gable-roofed brick building dated to 1820; the three-story, restrained Italianate, brick bell tower added in 1870; and the low, one-story brick church hall and office added in 1950. Located adjacent is a sequestered 4.5 acre graveyard with stones dating back to 1819. The community of Churchville, which surrounds the church, grew up around and took its name from the structure.</p><br>
<p>The 1870 addition of an Italianate, brick belltower was designed by architect J. Crawford Nielson of the firm Niernsee and Neilson.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Run Church, also known as Watters Meeting House, is a historic Methodist church located at Bel Air, Harford County, Maryland. It is a one-story, rubble stone, three-bay church with a slate-covered gabled roof. It was among the first structures used by Methodists in colonial America.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On October 16, 1751, Henry Watters was born near the present site of the church. After being converted to the Methodist faith at the Presbury meeting in 1771, he came back to his home to start a church. He was known as being one of the first American "itinerant" preachers. Around the same time, a log structure was built on the site. It was known as the "Watters Meeting House", but unfortunately the structure was destroyed by a fire years later. The current structure, made of stone, was erected around 1840 on the very spot that the previous log building once stood. It served the Methodist church for many years. The church grew and later became the home of Daniel Ruff, a circuit rider of the Methodist Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>According to records at the Lovely Lane Methodist Museum in Baltimore, Maryland, the Church was part of the Darlington Methodist Charge, which included Darlington United Methodist Church and Rock Run United Methodist Church. Records from the Lovely Lane Museum also show that the church celebrated its 150th anniversary in August 1932. It was shared with the other churches in the celebrations, which lasted for a couple weeks.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, Reverend Raymond E. Manley came to serve the charge. In his memoirs, he writes of the interesting travel to the church every week:</p><br>
<p>"There were three churches- Darlington, Rock Run, and Thomas Run. It was an adventure to go to Thomas Run which was miles back</p><br>
<p>from the main road and the road leading to the church was not kept, which made it hard on a car. This church was kept up by one family and they paid their part regularly."</p><br>
<p>In 1945, the church closed its doors. It has remained with the Darlington Methodist charge since. For many years, activities still occurred at the church. In 1947, it is known that youth activities from all three churches met there for an entire weekend. Currently, services are held semiannually with one on the first Sunday of June and the other on the first Sunday of October. In March 1996, an arson set fire to the building resulting in complete destruction of the interior. Luckily, photos were used to help reconstruct the inside as close as possible. The church was re-dedicated in October 2000.</p><br>
<p>The church was purchased by Blanche and Lester Pyle in 1963 from the Methodist Conference. It is now run by the Thomas Run Foundation, Inc.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Cefn Cul is a hill in the Fforest Fawr sector of the Brecon Beacons National Park  in Powys, southern Wales. It is a broad north-northeast to south-southwest aligned ridge whose summit reaches a height of 562 m above sea level. The hill is bounded to the west by the upper valley of the River Tawe though which the old Trecastle road runs whilst to the east is the pass of Bwlch Bryn-rhudd over which the A4067 road runs from the Crai valley south to that of the Tawe.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Cefn Cul is formed from sandstones and mudstones of the Senni Beds and Brownstones Formations of the Old Red Sandstone laid down during the Devonian period. Whilst the regional dip of the rock beds is to the south, locally they vary and a broad anticlinal structure coincides with the hill. It is within the area designated in 2005 as Fforest Fawr Geopark.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>An ancient cairn occurs near the southern end and a standing stone can be found just above the minor road to the west of Cefn Cul. Arguably the principal feature of the hill is the scatter of pillow mounds across its southern spur and over its lower eastern slopes above Cray Reservoir. These were established in the nineteenth century for the production of rabbit fur and meat.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The hill is designated as open country so freely accessible to walkers though a series of fences and walls cross the hill and require negotiation without damage.</p><br>
